
GSH 250™, capsules, provided by Douglas
Laboratories®, contain meaningful amounts of antioxidant nutrients including
glutathione in its reduced active form, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a biologically
active precursor to intracellular glutathione, alpha-lipoic acid, and selenium. Body cells and tissues are threatened continuously
by damage caused by toxic free radicals and reactive oxygen species (e.g.,
peroxides) which are produced during normal oxygen metabolism, by other chemical
reactions, and by toxic agents in the environment. Free radicals are capable of
disrupting metabolic activity and cell structure. When this occurs, additional
free radicals are produced which, in turn, can result in more extensive damage
to cells and tissues. The uncontrolled production of free radicals is thought to
be a major contributing factor to many degenerative processes seen during aging. Glutathione is a naturally-occurring tripeptide of
Lcysteine, L-glutamate and L-glycine. Glutathione is the essential cosubstrate
for two major antioxidant enzymes in the body; glutathione peroxidase and
glutathione reductase. As such, glutathione offers one mechanism for scavenging
toxic free radicals. Glutathione is well absorbed in the intestine, and enters
the blood and other extracellular compartments where it exerts much of its
beneficial antioxidant effects. However, it can not effectively enter the cell.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor for the sulfur amino acid cysteine, and
cysteine is used by the body to synthesize glutathione. In contrast to
glutathione, NAC is efficiently transported into the cell where it is readily
converted to L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis. NAC is well absorbed, and
unlike L-cysteine, is virtually non-toxic. NAC is recognized as a safe, highly
effective means of increasing intracellular glutathione stores. Aside from
providing cysteine as a glutathione precursor, NAC also appears to have
antioxidant properties by itself, and is a valuable sulfur donor for various
metabolic needs. Alpha-lipoic acid is unique among biological antioxidants,
because it is soluble in both water and lipids. This allows it to neutralize
free radicals just about everywhere in the body, inside and outside the cells.
Due to its unique sulfur- containing structure, alpha-lipoic acid can scavenge
several types of free radicals, such as the highly reactive hydroxyl, and
singlet oxygen free radicals. It is also capable of suppressing the generation
of free radicals in the first place, since alpha-lipoic acid chelates transition
metals, such as iron and copper. Because alpha-lipoic acid is involved in so
many different antioxidant functions in virtually all body tissues, it has been
called the universal antioxidant. Besides being a universal free radical
scavenger, alpha-lipoic acid can also recharge other antioxidant systems
throughout the body. It can extend the activity of vitamins C and E. and can
also regenerate glutathione. Selenium is a cofactor to about 10 selenoproteins
in the body; the most important of these appears to be glutathione peroxidase (GPX).
GPX uses glutathione to reduce hydrogen peroxide and thus protect cells and
plasma against free radical injury. GPX activity depends on an adequate supply
of dietary selenium. GSH 250™ capsules may be a useful nutritional
adjunct for individuals who wish to increase their intake of glutathione,
cysteine-derived antioxidants, as well as other antioxidant nutrients. Adults take 3 capsules daily or as directed by
physician. No adverse effects have been reported Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct
light. Keep out of reach of children. Aruoma OI, Halliwell B, Hoey BM, et al. The antioxidant
action of N-acetylcysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl
radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med
1989;6:593-7. Best TM, Fiebig R, Corr DT, et al. Free radical activity,
antioxidant enzyme, and glutathione changes with muscle stretch injury in
rabbits. J Appl Physiol 1999;87:74-82. Borcea V, Nourooz-Zadeh J, Wolff SP, et al. alpha-Lipoic
acid decreases oxidative stress even in diabetic patients with poor glycemic
control and albuminuria. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26:1495-500. Boya P, de la Pena A, Beloqui O, et al. Antioxidant status
and glutathione metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from
patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1999;31:808-14. Dringen R, Pfeiffer B, Hamprecht B. Synthesis of the
antioxidant glutathione in neurons: supply by astrocytes of CysGly as
precursor for neuronal glutathione. J Neurosci 1999;19:562-9. Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Lykkesfeldt J, et al. (R)-alpha-lipoic
acid-supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased
oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate. Faseb J 1999;13:411-8. Kagan VE, Shvedova A, Serbinova E, et al. Dihydrolipoic
acid--a universal antioxidant both in the membrane and in the aqueous phase.
Reduction of peroxyl, ascorbyl and chromanoxyl radicals. Biochem Pharmacol
1992;44:1637-49. Kamei A. Glutathione levels of the human crystalline lens in
aging and its antioxidant effect against the oxidation of lens proteins.
Biol Pharm Bull 1993;16:870-5. Lapenna D, de Gioia S, Ciofani G, et al. Glutathione-related
antioxidant defenses in human atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation
1998;97:1930-4. Navarro J, Obrador E, Carretero J, et al. Changes in
glutathione status and the antioxidant system in blood and in cancer cells
associate with tumour growth in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26:410-8. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug
Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or
prevent any disease.
Description
Functions
Indications
Suggested Use
Side Effects/Warnings
Storage
References:
3 Capsules Contain:
Glutathione
250 mg
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
250 mg
Alpha-lipoic acid
200 mg
Parsley
150 mg
Spinach
50 mg
Riboflavin
25 mg
Glycine
5 mg
Glutamine
5 mg
Cysteine
5 mg
Selenium
25 mcg
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