
Glucosamine + MSM® Forte™ capsules provided by
Douglas Laboratories contain 500 mg of pure glucosamine sulfate and 250 mg of
methylsulfonylmethane (MSM®). Ascorbic acid, proanthocyanidins, and bromelain
are also included to provide additional aid in maintaining the health of aging
joints. Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar
found in glycosoaminoglycans, integral components of the proteoglycans found in
joint cartilage. Proteoglycans are large carbohydrate rich structures that
provide resiliency, load distribution, shockabsorbing, compressive and
lubricating properties to joints and connective tissues. The availability of
glucosamine is an integral part of the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and
proteoglycans that are necessary during the constant remodeling that aging
cartilage undergoes. Thus, the maintenance of healthy aging cartilage may be
improved with enhanced deposition of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans.
Dietary glucosamine serves as an immediate precursor for glycosaminoglycan
synthesis, and also stimulates incorporation of other precursors into the
connective tissue matrix. Bioavailability of oral glucosamine sulfate is
excellent. It is absorbed intact, and utilized very quickly by all tissues,
including connective tissues. Glucosamine sulfate is more efficiently used for
connective tissue metabolism than other glucosamine sources, such as cartilage
extracts or chondroitin sulfate. In summary, glucosamine sulfate is a well
recognized, highly effective source of glucosamine for glycosaminoglycan and
proteoglycan synthesis in all connective tissues, such as cartilage, ligaments,
tendons, skin, and bone. MSM®, a derivative of DMSO, is a naturally occurring
compound of biologically available sulfur, an indispensable element in human
nutrition. As part of the amino acids methionine and cysteine, sulfur is
required for the structural integrity and function of almost every protein in
the body, as well as the glycosaminoglycans of cartilage and other connective
tissue. Dietary MSM® serves as a versatile donor of metabolically active sulfur
for the synthesis of numerous organosulfur compounds and proteins in the body.
As such, MSM® helps maintain normal immune response, lung function, connective
tissue metabolism, and muscle contraction. MSM® occurs naturally in a variety of
foods, such as fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, and fish. However, MSM®
is volatile and easily lost during cooking. MSM® is very well absorbed by the
intestinal tract and rapidly distributed within the body. Bromelain, a protease
from the pineapple plant, reduces the production of proinflammatory
prostaglandins by modulating the arachidonate cascade. Its ability to modulate
the body’s normal inflammatory processes may reduce the discomfort associated
with aging joints. Proanthocyanidins, such as those found in red wine, are
natural polyphenolic bioflavonoids that are widespread in nature and highly
regarded for their strong antioxidant properties, as well as their functions in
supporting the body’s connective tissues. They have been shown to bind with
collagen fibers, thereby protecting from premature degradation. This helps
maintain the natural elasticity of collagen in skin, joints, arteries,
capillaries, and other connective tissues. Although vitamin C has numerous
biological functions, foremost, it is essential for the synthesis of collagen
and glycosaminoglycan which are the building materials of all connective
tissues, such as joint cartilage, tendons, blood vessels, skin, and bone.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the required coenzyme for two groups of enzymes
that catalyze the cross linking of collagen fibers -lysyl hydroxylases and
prolyl hydroxylases. Consequently, vitamin C is essential for the normal
structure and function of connective tissue. Glucosamine + MSM® Forte™ capsules may be a useful
nutritional adjunct for individuals who wish to support the structure and
function of the body’s connective tissues, such as cartilage, bone, tendons,
ligaments, and skin. One capsule per day or as directed by a physician. None reported. Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct
light. Keep out of reach of children. Anonymous. [Gonarthrosis--current aspects of therapy with
glucosamine sulfate (dona200-S)]. Fortschr Med Suppl 1998;183:1-12. D'Ambrosio E, Casa B, Bompani R, Scali G, Scali M.
Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis.
Pharmatherapeutica 1981;2:504-8. Giordano N, Nardi P, Senesi M, Palumbo F, Battisti E,
Gonnelli S, Franci B, Campagna MS, Gennari C. [The efficacy and safety of
glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of gonarthritis]. Clin Ter
1996;147:99-105. Gottlieb MS. Conservative management of spinal
osteoarthritis with glucosamine sulfate and chiropractic treatment. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997;20:400-14. Kelly GS. The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin
sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Altern Med Rev
1998;3:27-39. Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD.
Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint
disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil Med 1999;164:85-91. Lopes Vaz A. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the
relative efficacy ofibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of
osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients. Curr Med Res Opin 1982;8:145-9.
Lotz-Winter H. On the pharmacology of bromelain: an update
with special regard to animal studies on dose-dependent effects. Planta Med
1990;56:249-53. Masson M. [Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor
system. A study of observed applications in general practice]. Fortschr Med
1995;113:303-6. McCarty MF. The neglect of glucosamine as a treatment
for osteoarthritis--a personal perspective. Med Hypotheses 1994;42:323-7.
McCarty MF. Enhanced synovial production of hyaluronic acid
may explain rapid clinical response to high-dose glucosamine in
osteoarthritis. Med Hypotheses 1998;50:507-10. Murav'ev Iu V, Venikova MS, Pleskovskaia GN, Riazantseva TA,
Sigidin Ia A. [Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone on a
destructive process in the joints of mice with spontaneous arthritis]. Patol
Fiziol Eksp Ter 1991;37-9. Pujalte JM, Llavore EP, Ylescupidez FR. Double-blind
clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of
osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin 1980;7:110-14. Qiu GX, Gao SN, Giacovelli G, Rovati L, Setnikar I. Efficacy
and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee
osteoarthritis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:469-74. Richmond VL. Incorporation of methylsulfonylmethane sulfur
into guinea pig serum proteins. Life Sci 1986;39:263-8. Rovati LC. Clinical research in osteoarthritis: design and
results of shortterm and long-term trials with disease-modifying drugs. Int
J Tissue React 1992;14:243-51. Russell AL. Glucosamine in osteoarthritis and
gastrointestinal disorders: an exemplar of the need for a paradigm shift.
Med Hypotheses 1998;51:347-9. Setnikar I. Antireactive properties of "chondroprotective"
drugs. Int J Tissue React 1992;14:253-61. Setnikar I, Cereda R, Pacini MA, Revel L. Antireactive
properties of glucosamine sulfate. Arzneimittelforschung 1991;41:157-61.
Setnikar I, Pacini MA, Revel L. Antiarthritic effects of
glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models. Arzneimittelforschung
1991;41:542-5. Shankland WE, 2nd. The effects of glucosamine and
chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis of the TMJ: a preliminary report of 50
patients. Cranio 1998;16:230-5. Tapadinhas MJ, Rivera IC, Bignamini AA. Oral glucosamine
sulphate in the management of arthrosis: report on a multi-centre open
investigation in Portugal. Pharmatherapeutica 1982;3:157-68. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of
pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J
Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug
Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or
prevent any disease.
Description
Functions
Indications
Suggested Use
Side Effects/Warnings
Storage
References:
Each capsule
contains:
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
50 mg
Glucosamine Sulfate
500 mg
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM®)
250 mg
Proanthocyanidins (red wine)
10 mg
Bromelain
10 mg
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