
Alpha-Lipoic Acid tablets, provided by Douglas
Laboratories®, contain 100 mg of pure alpha-lipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid is a
non-vitamin coenzyme that carries out important metabolic and antioxidant
functions in the body. Alpha-lipoic acid is a nutritional coenzyme that
is involved in energy metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, has
physiological functions in blood glucose disposal, and is able to scavenge a
number of free radicals. Alpha-lipoic acid is a fat- and water-soluble,
sulfurcontaining coenzyme. It functions in the body much like a B-vitamin, since
it is involved in energy production. As part of several multi-enzyme complexes
located in the mitochondria, alpha-lipoic acid is essential for metabolizing
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and for the conversion of their energy into
ATP. Two of these enzyme complexes, PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) and alpha-KGDH
(alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) are part of the citric acid cycle (Krebs
cycle), and as such assume a central role for general energy production. Another
lipoic acid containing enzyme complex, BCKADH (branched-chain keto-acid
dehydrogenase), is involved in deriving energy from the branched chain amino
acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine. A related metabolic function of alpha-lipoic
acid is its role in blood glucose disposal. This important coenzyme appears to
be necessary for the normal transport of blood glucose into the cell. This may
be explained by its functions in the glucosemetabolizing enzymes, PDH and alpha-KGDH,
but some researchers suspect a more direct role in cellular glucose uptake at
the cell membrane. As early as 1959, alpha-lipoic acid was suggested to be an
antioxidant, since it could extend the actions of vitamin C in guinea pigs, and
those of vitamin E in rats. It is only recently, however, that the specific
actions of alpha-lipoic acid in free radical quenching, metal chelation, and
antioxidant regeneration have been investigated. Body cells and tissues are
threatened continuously by damage caused by toxic free radicals and reactive
oxygen species (e.g., peroxides) which are produced during normal oxygen
metabolism, and by toxic agents in the environment. Free radicals, once formed,
are capable of disrupting metabolic activity and cell structure. When this
occurs, additional free radicals are produced which, in turn, can result in more
extensive damage to cells and tissues. The uncontrolled production of free
radicals is thought to be a major contributing factor to many degenerative
diseases. Alpha-lipoic acid is unique among biological antioxidants, because it
is soluble in both water and lipids. This allows it to neutralize free radicals
just about everywhere in the body, inside and outside the cells. Due to its
unique sulfur-containing structure, alpha-lipoic acid can scavenge several types
of free radicals, such as the highly reactive hydroxyl, and singlet oxygen free
radicals. It is also capable of suppressing the generation of free radicals in
the first place, since alpha-lipoic acid chelates transition metals, such as
iron and copper. Because alphalipoic acid is involved in so many different
antioxidant functions in virtually all body tissues, it has been called the
universal antioxidant. Besides being a universal free radical scavenger, alpha-lipoic
acid can also recharge other antioxidant systems throughout the body. As
mentioned earlier, it can extend the activity of vitamins C and E. In addition,
alpha-lipoic acid can also regenerate glutathione. Alpha-lipoic acid may be a beneficial dietary
supplement for those concerned about a more complete antioxidant defense system
and maintaining proper glucose metabolism. Dietary and supplementary alpha-lipoic
acid is efficiently absorbed, transported to the tissues, and readily taken up
by the cells.LPA One tablet twice daily with meals, or as directed
by physician. No adverse effects have been reported. Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct
light. Keep out of reach of children. Baur A, Harrer T, Peukert M, Jahn G, Kalden JR, Fleckenstein
B. Alphalipoic acid is an effective inhibitor of human immuno-deficiency
virus (HIV-1) replication. Klin Wochenschr 1991;69:722-724. Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL, et al. Enhancement of
glucose disposal in patients with Type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid.
Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45:872-874. Nagamatsu M, Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD, et al. Lipoic acid
improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal
nerve conduction in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care
1995;18:1160-1167. Ou P, Tritschler HJ, Wolff SP. Thioctic (lipoic) acid: A
therapeutic metalchelating antioxidant. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;50:123-126.
Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid as a
biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19:227-250. Packer L. Antioxidant properties of lipoic acid and its
therapeutic effects in prevention of diabetes complications and cataracts.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;738:257-264. Scott BC, Aruoma OI, Evans PJ, et al. Lipoic and
dihydrolipoic acids as antioxidants. A critical evaluation. Free Radic Res
1994;20:119-133. Suzuki YJ, Tsuchiya M, Packer L. Lipoate prevents
glucose-induced protein modifications. Free Radic Res Commun
1995;17:211-217. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug
Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or
prevent any disease.
Description
Functions
Indications
Suggested Use
Side Effects/Warnings
Storage
References:
Each scored tablet
contains:
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
100 mg
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