
Echinacea, used traditionally by Native Americans
for a wide variety of ailments, is now recognized for its potent immune
enhancing properties. Echinacea Max-V vegetarian capsules, provided by Douglas
Laboratories®, contain 250 mg of two echinacea extracts, Echinacea angustifolia
extract, standardized to 4% echinacosides and Echinacea purpurea extract,
standardized to 4% 4-sesquiterpeneesters.
Description
Functions
Native Americans traditionally used echinacea to treat a variety of disorders, primarily where enhancement of the immune system was needed. Echinacea’s therapeutic efficacy was recognized by Western medical science in the late 19th century. Today, echinacea is best known as a non-specific, immuno-supporting botanical. Echinacea has no direct effects on infective agents themselves. Instead, echinacea works by supporting the body’s own natural defense mechanisms. Polysaccharides, caffeic acid and its derivatives (chicoric acid), and alkamides are principal substances thought to be responsible for echinacea’s immuno-supporting properties. Clinical studies have demonstrated that echinacea significantly increases the numbers of monocytes and natural-killer (NK) cells in both the spleen and bone marrow within weeks after dietary supplementation. Similarly, in healthy and immuno-compromised individuals echinacea extract enhances not only NK cell function, but also antibody-dependent cell toxicity against herpes virus 6 cells. Laboratory studies have shown that echinacea activates macrophages, stimulating production of the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10. The polysaccharide fraction of echinacea, including heteroxylan and arabinogalactan, is thought to be partially responsible for its ability to activate macrophages and increase their production of TNFalpha. This polysaccharide component of echinacea also can support the body’s normal response to inflammatory processes. Scientific studies also suggest that echinacea may enhance immune function by increasing antigenspecific immunoglobulin production. Echinaceatreated animals show a significant enhancement of their IgG response to antigen. Echinacea's enhanced production of the immune system cells on the first line of defense against invading pathogens suggests an important prophylactic role for this botanical.
Echinacea Max-V vegetarian capsules may be a beneficial nutritional supplement for individuals who wish to obtain the natural immuno-stimulating properties of this standardized botanical extract.
Adults take 1 capsule, 1 to 4 times daily between meals or as directed by physician.
No adverse side effects reported.
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light.
Keep out of reach of children.
Barrett B, Kiefer D, Rabago D. Assessing the risks and benefits of herbal medicine: an overview of scientific evidence [see comments]. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:40-9.
Rehman J, Dillow JM, Carter SM, et al. Increased production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins G and M following in vivo treatment with the medicinal plants Echinacea angustifolia and Hydrastis canadensis. Immunol Lett 1999;68:391-5.
Sun LZ, Currier NL, Miller SC. The American coneflower: a prophylactic role involving nonspecific immunity. J Altern Complement Med 1999;5:437-46.
Melchart D, Walther E, Linde K, et al. Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Arch Fam Med 1998;7:541-5.
Burger RA, Torres AR, Warren RP, et al. Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol 1997;19:371-9.
See DM, Broumand N, Sahl L, et al. In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Immunopharmacology 1997;35:229-35.
Elsasser-Beile U, Willenbacher W, Bartsch HH, et al. Cytokine production in leukocyte cultures during therapy with Echinacea extract. J Clin Lab Anal 1996;10:441-5.
Melchart D, Linde K, Worku F, et al. Results of five randomized studies on the immunomodulatory activity of preparations of Echinacea. J Altern Complement Med 1995;1:145-60.
Steinmuller C, Roesler J, Grottrup E, et al. Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Immunopharmacol 1993;15:605-14.
Tubaro A, Tragni E, Del Negro P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea angustifolia. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987;39:567-9.
| Echinacea | 250 mg |
| Standardized to 4% echinacosides (E. | |
| angustifolia) and 4% 4-Sesquiterpeneesters (E. | |
| purpurea) | |
| (U.S., cultivated in Europe) | |
| In a 100 mg base of non-standardized Echinacea | |
| angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea. | |
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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